Fall

The Umayyad Empire grew very big very fast, and that made it hard to rule. Over time, religious disagreements caused problems. Many people felt the rulers treated Arab Muslims better than others, which made people angry.

The Umayyads conquered North Africa and Spain, but when they tried to move farther into France, they were stopped in battle. This defeat forced them to turn back and slowed their expansion.

At the same time, rebellions started inside the empire. The Umayyads lost control of many areas and were finally replaced by a new ruling family. However, one Umayyad leader escaped and continued ruling in Spain, where the Umayyads stayed powerful for many years.

The fall of the Umayyads shows that even strong empires can weaken when people feel divided.