France

In the Middle Ages, France was one of the richest and most powerful countries in Europe. France had good farmland, busy towns, and many castles. Farmers grew lots of food, which helped cities grow and kings collect wealth.

French kings were strong, and many European rulers looked to France for leadership. Because France was so important, the French language became the language of diplomacy, which means leaders from different countries used French when talking to each other or making agreements. Even kings who were not French learned to speak it.

Medieval France was known for its wealth, culture, and influence, helping shape Europe for hundreds of years.

For many years, France and England fought in a long conflict called the Hundred Years’ War. The English had a powerful weapon called the longbow. Trained archers could fire arrows over 200 yards, very quickly. At some battles, clouds of arrows filled the sky.

One famous battle was Battle of Agincourt. Even though the English army was much smaller, their longbows helped them defeat a much larger French force. Because of weapons like the longbow, England won many early battles and took control of large parts of France.

One of the greatest heroes in French history was Joan of Arc. She was a teenage girl who lived during the Hundred Years’ War, when England controlled much of France.

Joan believed that God had chosen her to help save France. Even though she was young and not a trained soldier, she convinced French leaders to let her join the army. Wearing armor and carrying a banner, she rode into battle and inspired French soldiers to fight bravely.

Under Joan’s leadership, the French won important battles and began driving the English out of France. Her victories helped make sure France stayed independent and not ruled by England. She also helped the rightful French king be crowned, which gave the people hope and unity.

Sadly, Joan was later captured by the English, put on trial, and executed. Years later, she was declared innocent and became a national hero of France. Today, Joan of Arc is remembered as a symbol of courage, faith, and standing up for one’s country.