Heroes

Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate who worked hard to keep his kingdom safe. At this time, the Mongols were one of the most feared armies in the world. They had already destroyed great empires in China and swept across the Middle East, burning cities and defeating powerful rulers. Many people believed the Mongols could not be stopped.

To protect India, Muhammad bin Tughlaq built a strong stone fort near the northwest border, where Mongol armies often tried to enter. The fort had thick walls, tall towers, and narrow gates that made it hard for enemies to break through. Soldiers stood on the walls and fired arrows, while heavy gates blocked attacks. He also kept a large, well-trained army ready to defend the land. Because of this, the Mongols failed to invade India. This made him one of the few rulers in history to successfully stop the Mongols.

However, not all of his ideas worked well. One of his biggest mistakes was moving the capital city far to the south. He ordered thousands of people to move with him on a long and difficult journey. The new place did not have enough water or food, and the trip was very hard. Thousands of people died from hunger, thirst, and exhaustion. In the end, the plan failed, and the capital had to be moved back to Delhi.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq is remembered as a ruler with great courage and intelligence, but also as someone who made very serious mistakes. His story teaches that leaders must think carefully about how their decisions affect ordinary people.