Fall

After years of war, Greece was weakened and divided. To the north, a powerful new kingdom rose — Macedonia, led by King Philip II and later his son Alexander the Great.

Alexander was a brilliant general who used a powerful battle formation called the phalanx, where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder with long spears, forming an unbreakable wall. He never lost a battle and went on to conquer most of the known world, from Egypt to India, spreading Greek language and culture everywhere he went.

Though Alexander died young, at just 32, his empire changed the world forever — blending Greek ideas with new lands and marking the true end of ancient Greece’s independence.